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Nahuatl Tlahtolkalli Lesson
7
| Nahuatl
Lesson 7. |
|
|
| Napolnemoani |
Vocabulary |
| Tetl |
rock, stone |
| Zente
or cente |
one,
an, a |
| Centetl |
one,
a single one |
|
| |
|
| Miac
|
many,
very much |
| Miactetl |
many
rocks |
|
| Tetlah |
rocky
ground, lava bed |
| Inimeh |
these
ones |
| Inomeh |
those
ones |
|
| Quemah
|
yes,
indeed (implying agreement) |
| Ahmo,
-ah |
no,
not (negative particle) |
| Totlamatocaya |
touch,
sense, feel |
|
Grammar
Rule No. 11
Pluralization
of nouns ending in -TLI, -LI, and -TEL, with consonant
stems e.g. (cuauh-tli), form the plural version with -TIN:
TLI
LI = These endings are changed to TIN
Examples:
Ohtli (road) = Ohtin (roads)
Tonalli (day) = Tonaltin (days)
Grammar Rule No. 12
Pluralization of nouns ending in -YA, -TL, with vowel-ending
stems e.g. (xochi-tl), form the plural version with -MEH (xochimeh):
-YA
-TL = These endings are changed to -MEH
Examples:
Amatl (paper) = Amameh (papers)
Totlamatocaya (sense) = Totlamatocameh (senses)
Tepetl (hill) = Tepemeh (hills)
Yaotl (warrior) = Yaomeh (warriors)
Tototl (bird) = Totomeh (birds)
Grammar
Rule No. 13
Pluralization of nouns ending in -TON:
-TON = -TO is added before the -TON
Examples:
Pilanton (boy) = Pilantoton (boys)
Cihuanton (girl) = Cihuantoton (girls)
Grammar
Rule No. 14
Pluralization of nouns ending in -TZIN:
-TZIN = -TZIN is duplicated
Examples:
Nantzin (mother) = Nantzintzin (mothers)
Tahtzin (father) = Tahtzintzin (fathers)
Grammar Rule No. 15
Some vowel-ending noun stems e.g. (cihua-tl), add a "-h"
to form the plural version of the noun
Examples:
Cihuatl (woman) = Cihuah (women)
Pochtecatl (merchant) = Pochtecah (merchants)
Mexihcatl (Mexico/Tenochtitlan resident) = Mexihcah
Source:
Campbell, R. Joe and Frances Karttunen. "Foundation Course in Nahuatl Grammar
Volume 1: Text and Exercises." Univ. of Minnesota: Morris, 1989 (35).
Grammar Rule No. 16
Pluralization
of the words ending in -I:
-I
= This ending is changed to -E
Examples:
Nemontemi (last 5 solar calendar days) ~Nemonteme (plural: last 5 calendar days)
Quimichi or Kimichi (rat) ~ Quimiche or Kimiche (rats)
Grammar
Rule No. 17
Some
vowel-ending noun stems e.g. (coa-tl) repeat the first syllable with
a long vowel and by adding a "-h"
Examples:
Coatl (snake) ~ Cocoah (snakes)
Mazatl
(deer) ~ Mamazah (deers)
Source: Campbell, R. Joe and Frances Karttunen. "Foundation Course
in Nahuatl Grammar Volume 1: Text and Exercises." Univ. of Minnesota: Morris,
1989 (35).
Grammar Rule No. 18
Some
vowel-ending and/or consonant-ending stem nouns form the plural version by adding
-tin and -meh:
Examples:
ocelotl (jaguar) ~ Ocelotin, Ocelomeh (jaguars)
oquichtli (man) ~ Oquichtin, Oquichmeh (men)
Source: Campbell, R. Joe and Frances Kartttunen. "Foundation Course
in Nahuatl Grammar Volume 1: Text and Exercises." Univ. of Minnesota: Morris,
1989 (35).
Grammar Rule No. 19
-CHIN = This ending is changed to -MEH
Examples:
Acuecueyachin (leech) ~ Acuecueyameh (leeches)
Tlacamichin (catfish) ~ Tlacamimeh (catfishes)
Grammar Rule No. 20
Pluralization of some words is the same as the singular form:
Examples:
Tlacuilo (writer) ~ Tlacuilo (writers)
Yohualtika (evening) ~ Yohualtika (evenings)
Exercises
a) Nahuatl - to - English
Inin itzcuintli kemah; ahmo inemeh itzcuintin; inomeh tlacuilo.
(This dog yes; these dogs no; those writers)
Cihuah iuan inomeh xochimeh iuan yohualtika iuan inin yohuatzinco.
(women and those flowers and these evenings and this morning)
Inimeh temeh iuan kaxtollin-yei ilhuicameh iuan zenpohualli cicitlaltin.
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Necah amoxtli, inin amoxton iuan inin tlamatini iuan tonantzintzin.
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Ehecameh, amoteohuan, iuan inomeh ohtin, iuan yei cihuantoton.
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b) English - to - Nahuatl
These grasses, 14 jaguars, 2 jaguars, and one rabbit.
(Inimeh malinaltin, mahtlaktlin-nahui ocelomeh, ome ocelotin, iuan ce tochtli)
Your mom, 16 rats and this table
(Monan, kaxtollin-ce kimiche iuan inin tlapechtli iuan inomeh amameh)
Rocky ground, y'all's fathers, those baby snakes, and 8 boys.
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Five Uncles, seven girls, and many flowers.
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One elder, our days, those vultures and many rocks
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